Continuation topic of argument about "incentive to go for higher education"...
Lets see the importance of Research... Research to create new products, industries...
India, recently boasting about being "Knowledge Economy".
What type of economies are there?
* Product economy - manufacture products, and sell.
* Service economy - serve others - like 90% of Indian software industry does - develop software for other companies products...
* Knowledge economy - Create product plans, designs... outsource building them to others (like software to India, factory to China) ??
If above is true, then:
- China, Japan, Korea are Product economy (manufacturing products)
- China, Korea are Service economy (Manufacturing as service)
- India is Service economy only (developing software for others)
- US, Japan, and Korea are Knowledge economy - they develop product plans, architect them - and outsource realization to others, do some within their country.
- US is Product economy (high value products only!)
And, regarding India - without having technology creation by research, we will be doing only technology-service... this is called service economy... this is not knowledge economy...
A country boasting "knowledge economy" - meaning sell your knowledge as service for others to create products, and you buy those products at a higher price/value than your service? I don't think this is good in long term!
To create products/value, lot of research, not service, is needed...
Atleast China announced plans and taking steps towards moving from "Made in China" to "Made By China"...
Jul 24, 2009
What is the Incentive to go for Higher Education?
What is the incentive for continuing to higher studies (M.Tech, Ph.D.) after B.Tech.?
I heard, in South Korea, personal income tax is less for Masters... and significantly less for candidates with Ph.D. No wonder, Samsung (South Korean Electronics Giant), over 10 years -- increased Doctors (Ph.D.) by 5.5X (@ 300/year!), while regular employees increased by only 2X.
Below is the data from news item (How to grow an electronics giant - from http://www.eetasia.com/ - posted 17/Nov/2008)
M.Tech. takes 2-years, Ph.D. takes ~4-years...
After M.Tech. or Ph.D., candidates get lesser designation (less by ~1-2 years) compared to their classmates, in a given industry (Except for Research positions... very less in openings India... very high in demand... very difficult to fill... a paradox...)
Going for M.Tech. - understood - it is only 2-years... not a big issue (earning a livelihood for family (=parents)) for many....
Going for Ph.D. - the trouble factor - it is 4-years... a big issue for many... time to settle down and get married... without earning - it is very difficult in India... (may be exception for rich families... or for candidates very enthusiastic in higher education).
So, where is the incentive for Indian students for higher education?
Without having technology creation by research, we will be doing only technology-service... this is called service economy... this is not knowledge economy...
A country boasting "knowledge economy" - meaning sell your knowledge as service, for others to create products, and sell products to you?
I heard, in South Korea, personal income tax is less for Masters... and significantly less for candidates with Ph.D. No wonder, Samsung (South Korean Electronics Giant), over 10 years -- increased Doctors (Ph.D.) by 5.5X (@ 300/year!), while regular employees increased by only 2X.
Below is the data from news item (How to grow an electronics giant - from http://www.eetasia.com/ - posted 17/Nov/2008)
M.Tech. takes 2-years, Ph.D. takes ~4-years...
After M.Tech. or Ph.D., candidates get lesser designation (less by ~1-2 years) compared to their classmates, in a given industry (Except for Research positions... very less in openings India... very high in demand... very difficult to fill... a paradox...)
Going for M.Tech. - understood - it is only 2-years... not a big issue (earning a livelihood for family (=parents)) for many....
Going for Ph.D. - the trouble factor - it is 4-years... a big issue for many... time to settle down and get married... without earning - it is very difficult in India... (may be exception for rich families... or for candidates very enthusiastic in higher education).
So, where is the incentive for Indian students for higher education?
Without having technology creation by research, we will be doing only technology-service... this is called service economy... this is not knowledge economy...
A country boasting "knowledge economy" - meaning sell your knowledge as service, for others to create products, and sell products to you?
Jul 9, 2009
Technological Singularity - When will it happen?
Good article about Technological Singularity on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_singularity
(Picture from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_singularity)
A Book on Singularity (picture from http://singularity.com/images/3DsinJacketFLAT.jpg)
Now, my opinion:
Singularity - will it be a split-second milestone? or is it frequent and continuous progress of events towards it? You see the so called "frequent progressive events" happening around us each month/year...
My view is that, it will be slow enough to be assimilated by our society... and while it happens you don't know it is happening... once it happens you don't know it already happened...
The problem is who is "you" here? They will be your children/grand-children/great-grand-children... they expect the things to be minimum that way as they happen in their times... like today you expect somany things and feel happy about them that they are available to you, while your parents/grand-parents wonder about them, while the same things are a minimum requirement for life for children today...
(Picture from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_singularity)
A Book on Singularity (picture from http://singularity.com/images/3DsinJacketFLAT.jpg)
Now, my opinion:
Singularity - will it be a split-second milestone? or is it frequent and continuous progress of events towards it? You see the so called "frequent progressive events" happening around us each month/year...
My view is that, it will be slow enough to be assimilated by our society... and while it happens you don't know it is happening... once it happens you don't know it already happened...
The problem is who is "you" here? They will be your children/grand-children/great-grand-children... they expect the things to be minimum that way as they happen in their times... like today you expect somany things and feel happy about them that they are available to you, while your parents/grand-parents wonder about them, while the same things are a minimum requirement for life for children today...
Jul 7, 2009
Automated Patenting? It must be IBM!
There is information - product news, business news, patents, papers, articles...
There are tools - for databasing, searching, reporting and visualizing that information... (e.g. ThomsonInnovation, and many others)...
Everybody knows IBM is the defacto leader in creating patents... well, it didn't come for free... they spent efforts, time, money, and ofcourse brains.
Now, they are outsourcing atleast some of this patent creation business to machines... at least partially...
IBM patenting "Automated Patenting" (almost)... a tool/method to search for empty regions in patent landscape of a given portfolio… and later fill the gaps with new patents!!
IBM's US Patent 20080235220, published 25/Sep/2008
METHODOLOGIES AND ANALYTICS TOOLS FOR IDENTIFYING WHITE SPACE OPPORTUNITIES IN A GIVEN INDUSTRY
Abstract: A method for analyzing predefined subject matter in a patent database being for use with a set of target patents, each target patent related to the predefined subject matter, the method comprising: creating a feature space based on frequently occurring terms found in the set of target patents; creating a partition taxonomy based on a clustered configuration of the feature space; editing the partition taxonomy using domain expertise to produce an edited partition taxonomy; creating a classification taxonomy based on structured features present in the edited partition taxonomy; creating a contingency table by comparing the edited partition taxonomy and the classification taxonomy to provide entries in the contingency table; and identifying all significant relationships in the contingency table to help determine the presence of any white space.
There are tools - for databasing, searching, reporting and visualizing that information... (e.g. ThomsonInnovation, and many others)...
Everybody knows IBM is the defacto leader in creating patents... well, it didn't come for free... they spent efforts, time, money, and ofcourse brains.
Now, they are outsourcing atleast some of this patent creation business to machines... at least partially...
IBM patenting "Automated Patenting" (almost)... a tool/method to search for empty regions in patent landscape of a given portfolio… and later fill the gaps with new patents!!
IBM's US Patent 20080235220, published 25/Sep/2008
METHODOLOGIES AND ANALYTICS TOOLS FOR IDENTIFYING WHITE SPACE OPPORTUNITIES IN A GIVEN INDUSTRY
Abstract: A method for analyzing predefined subject matter in a patent database being for use with a set of target patents, each target patent related to the predefined subject matter, the method comprising: creating a feature space based on frequently occurring terms found in the set of target patents; creating a partition taxonomy based on a clustered configuration of the feature space; editing the partition taxonomy using domain expertise to produce an edited partition taxonomy; creating a classification taxonomy based on structured features present in the edited partition taxonomy; creating a contingency table by comparing the edited partition taxonomy and the classification taxonomy to provide entries in the contingency table; and identifying all significant relationships in the contingency table to help determine the presence of any white space.
Jun 2, 2009
The Evolution Experiment
I am not sure if this falls into "Intelligent Design"... but just my thoughts...
[Flashback] Long ago, a [fictitious] person who is very intellectual, who understands about evolution and genetics, who is very influential... started an experiment... that would need few thousand years to see results... the experiment is based in India... see the result of strictly cross pollination among humans... its very simple... everybody is part of that... yet nobody knows it... the means to achieve it is the "gothra" system... which forbids marriage between people of the same gothra...
meant to produce humans in clusters... with clear differences between clusters... and sub-clusters...
So, now what is happened suddenly? someone found it... with fast, cheap and mass-volume methods of personalized genetic mapping... coupled with very fast analysis and relationship-finding/clustering of gene-info of all people... and, to see the results of that great experiment... the results in progress... and to see if the experiment yealding good results or otherwise... which clusters/sub-clusters are good/superier... which clusters/sub-clusters are bad/inferior... and to decide to continue/alter/stop the experiment... and there are some big questions... continuation is like status-quo, no problem... how to alter? does it call for reduction/elimination, or break the cluster, of inferior clusters/sub-clusters...
What if two superior clusters want to prove their supremacy? (this is what Hitler tried? did he feel competition?)...
Other way, if this to be stopped wholly (man, does it make sense?), how to stop? now, this is de-facto primitive building block of the most societies...
[Flashback] Long ago, a [fictitious] person who is very intellectual, who understands about evolution and genetics, who is very influential... started an experiment... that would need few thousand years to see results... the experiment is based in India... see the result of strictly cross pollination among humans... its very simple... everybody is part of that... yet nobody knows it... the means to achieve it is the "gothra" system... which forbids marriage between people of the same gothra...
meant to produce humans in clusters... with clear differences between clusters... and sub-clusters...
So, now what is happened suddenly? someone found it... with fast, cheap and mass-volume methods of personalized genetic mapping... coupled with very fast analysis and relationship-finding/clustering of gene-info of all people... and, to see the results of that great experiment... the results in progress... and to see if the experiment yealding good results or otherwise... which clusters/sub-clusters are good/superier... which clusters/sub-clusters are bad/inferior... and to decide to continue/alter/stop the experiment... and there are some big questions... continuation is like status-quo, no problem... how to alter? does it call for reduction/elimination, or break the cluster, of inferior clusters/sub-clusters...
What if two superior clusters want to prove their supremacy? (this is what Hitler tried? did he feel competition?)...
Other way, if this to be stopped wholly (man, does it make sense?), how to stop? now, this is de-facto primitive building block of the most societies...
When Robots Doubt Humans
War [non-physical] between humans and robots... [from my thoughts/notes in Oct/2008]
[Problem] Humans made robots... with self learning systems... they can go on learning... and more dangerously (danger to whom? to humans?), learn with experimentation... experiments devised by robots themselves in their quest to learn/understand more... start to command humans... what ever humans do... their actions, their speech... become known to robots...
[Solution] How to keep supremacy of humanity... prevention is better than cure... so one [fictitious] man thought few hundred years back... he devised a strategy... to induce a gap/hole in the robots intelligence... robots are not aware of this hole... the hole can't be filled by themselves...
[Issue] But, when robots started learning by experimentation, they started to find the existence of such a hole... after knowing about the existence of the hole, do they think that humans deliberately induced that hole... or do they think that humans forgot or didn't know to fill this hole? if they think that it is an act of humans deliberations, there is more danger... they will start doubting every act, past and present, of humans... they will start deliberate search for more such holes... either really exist now or not...
[Solution required] What could be the candidates of such holes? that robots can't understand... not even by learning/experimenting, and yet, is so simple, even a human baby in a remote village can understand...
Better, humans think about it now...
[Problem] Humans made robots... with self learning systems... they can go on learning... and more dangerously (danger to whom? to humans?), learn with experimentation... experiments devised by robots themselves in their quest to learn/understand more... start to command humans... what ever humans do... their actions, their speech... become known to robots...
[Solution] How to keep supremacy of humanity... prevention is better than cure... so one [fictitious] man thought few hundred years back... he devised a strategy... to induce a gap/hole in the robots intelligence... robots are not aware of this hole... the hole can't be filled by themselves...
[Issue] But, when robots started learning by experimentation, they started to find the existence of such a hole... after knowing about the existence of the hole, do they think that humans deliberately induced that hole... or do they think that humans forgot or didn't know to fill this hole? if they think that it is an act of humans deliberations, there is more danger... they will start doubting every act, past and present, of humans... they will start deliberate search for more such holes... either really exist now or not...
[Solution required] What could be the candidates of such holes? that robots can't understand... not even by learning/experimenting, and yet, is so simple, even a human baby in a remote village can understand...
Better, humans think about it now...
Apr 21, 2009
Who am I?
Who am "I"?
I am Chandra... I am Engineer... I am Human... I am Animal... I am Life... I am x... I am y...
I am my Body... I am my Brain... I am my Mind...
I am my Soul... I am God...
There are so many Chandras, so many Engineers, so many Humans... so many so many.... they are not "I"...
So who am I? Am I my Body? Am I my Brain?
Well... lets see...
Body = Integration of Body parts, which makes me... individual body parts are part of me... none of them individually is me... body parts can be replaced... robotic hand for example... hands, legs, eyes, ears, heart, kidney, lungs etc are being replaced with artificial parts or parts from other humans/animals... most of the parts in our stomach are for digesting food and generating and distributing energy... energy used by our hands to do work... our legs to take us around... our senses to sense external world... these sensors (eyes, ears etc) can be replaced with artificial sensors, energy for them can be supplied with batteries...
So, what is remaining? Brain. Brain "thinks" I have to go there - legs will take us there. Brain thinks I have to do this - hands will do that... etc.
Also, our body is a small world to many bacterias and their colonies... only 10% of our cells are ours... "Human beings are not really individuals; they're communities of organisms".
http://science.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=09/04/15/0252219
So, am I simply my "Brain"?
What is Brain? A very complex organ, which gathers information from sensors, stores that information, processes that information... triggers actions...
All these can be done an "Artificial Brain" (Machine + Artificial Intelligence) which can gather information, store, process... Am I replaceable with "Artificial Brain"? "I" hope not.
Am I my "Mind"?
Emotions/feelings/love/anger/happiness/hate/greed... are these simply chemical reactions? Can we attribute them to Mind? Is it my "Mind" triggering these in "Brain"... then I am not my "Brain"... I am my "Mind"... my Mind can control an "Artificial Brain" which can gather information, store, process... trigger actions...
Who triggers Emotions/feelings in my Mind? Other Minds. I see so much of this in this world.
So far the discussion is Materialistic... Practical... The border case between Brain and Mind...
Now, it takes new way of thinking...
Is the following maturity level order holds good?
Body -> Brain -> Mind -> Soul -> God.
"I" do not know.
I am Chandra... I am Engineer... I am Human... I am Animal... I am Life... I am x... I am y...
I am my Body... I am my Brain... I am my Mind...
I am my Soul... I am God...
There are so many Chandras, so many Engineers, so many Humans... so many so many.... they are not "I"...
So who am I? Am I my Body? Am I my Brain?
Well... lets see...
Body = Integration of Body parts, which makes me... individual body parts are part of me... none of them individually is me... body parts can be replaced... robotic hand for example... hands, legs, eyes, ears, heart, kidney, lungs etc are being replaced with artificial parts or parts from other humans/animals... most of the parts in our stomach are for digesting food and generating and distributing energy... energy used by our hands to do work... our legs to take us around... our senses to sense external world... these sensors (eyes, ears etc) can be replaced with artificial sensors, energy for them can be supplied with batteries...
So, what is remaining? Brain. Brain "thinks" I have to go there - legs will take us there. Brain thinks I have to do this - hands will do that... etc.
Also, our body is a small world to many bacterias and their colonies... only 10% of our cells are ours... "Human beings are not really individuals; they're communities of organisms".
http://science.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=09/04/15/0252219
So, am I simply my "Brain"?
What is Brain? A very complex organ, which gathers information from sensors, stores that information, processes that information... triggers actions...
All these can be done an "Artificial Brain" (Machine + Artificial Intelligence) which can gather information, store, process... Am I replaceable with "Artificial Brain"? "I" hope not.
Am I my "Mind"?
Emotions/feelings/love/anger/happiness/hate/greed... are these simply chemical reactions? Can we attribute them to Mind? Is it my "Mind" triggering these in "Brain"... then I am not my "Brain"... I am my "Mind"... my Mind can control an "Artificial Brain" which can gather information, store, process... trigger actions...
Who triggers Emotions/feelings in my Mind? Other Minds. I see so much of this in this world.
So far the discussion is Materialistic... Practical... The border case between Brain and Mind...
Now, it takes new way of thinking...
Is the following maturity level order holds good?
Body -> Brain -> Mind -> Soul -> God.
"I" do not know.
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